What is to be done?

**What Is to Be Done?** (Russian: *Что делать?*, tr. *Chto délat'?*, lit. *'What to Do?*') is an 1863 novel written by Russian philosopher, journalist, and literary critic Nikolai Chernyshevsky, written in response to Fathers and Sons (1862) by Ivan Turgenev. The chief character is Vera Pavlovna, a woman who escapes the control of her family and an arranged marriage to seek economic independence.

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